Effect of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on Pulmonary Function Tests

Abstract

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the esophagus becomes irritated or inflamed because of acid backing up from the stomach. Heartburn and regurgitation are the typical symptoms of GERD. GERD can cause esophageal and extra-esophageal syndromes. Respiratory manifestations of GERD represent one of the most prevalent and challenging of these extra-esophageal syndromes. It is known to be associated with many forms of respiratory diseases, including asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The following study is taken up to know the extent to which the GERD affects the lung functions so that it can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest in order to prevent irreversible damage to the lungs. Objectives To assess the lung function tests in individuals suffering from Gastroesophageal Reflux disease. Materials and Method The study included 30 patients suffering from GERD as cases and 30 subjects not suffering from GERD as controls. Pulmonary function tests of each subject were recorded using Helios 401 spirometer. The results were compiled and statistically analyzed for significant differences. Results It was found that the following PFT Parameters FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75% were significantly reduced in GERD patients in comparison with controls. Conclusion The results of the study conclude that GERD patients have a significantly lower Pulmonary function in comparison with controls.