Abstract
Garlic oil (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been studied as a feed additive to improve animal production performance and decrease methane emission in ruminants. The present study was designed to determine the possible effect of GAR on fatty acid composition and accumulation in animal fat tissue using a cell model. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 2×10 4 mL -1 were seeded to 24-well plates and allowed to proliferate to reach confluence. The cells were then treated with media containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg mL -1 of GAR during the differentiation period for 8 days. Media containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin was applied during the first 2 days of the early differentiation period. On day 8 sub-sets of the wells were stained with oil red-O and the remaining cells were harvested for determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) (GPDH) activity (n = 6) and cellular fatty acid concentration (n = 6). It was found that supplementation of GAR increased (p<0.05) the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids in the adipocytes and showed inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the post-confluent proliferation. With relative low dosage, GAR (5-20 μg mL -1 ) increased (p<0.05) the GPDH activity without affecting the cellular fatty acid concentration, while a high dosage (40 μg mL -1 ) inhibited (p<0.05) fatty acid accumulation and decreased GPDH activity. Supplementation of GAR had an effect on
Highlights
Garlic oil or garlic (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been as meat and milk, are very important factors on product tested in animal model and human for their functional quality. 3T3-L1 Cell lines have been used as model of effects such as prevention of cardiovascular disease, adipocyte to study fatty acid accumulation, differentiation antioxidation and antidiabetic effect (Ackemann et al, of preadipocytes and glucose utilization (Green and 2001; Brace, 2002; Thomson and Ali, 2003; Liu et al, 2005, Kehinde, 1974)
Most of the cells in each group are differentiated to adipocytes showing accumulated oil drops which was confirmed by oil red-O stained
Compared to the control supplementation of 5, 10 and 20 μg mL-1 GAR to the media resulted in higher (p
Summary
Garlic oil or garlic (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been as meat and milk, are very important factors on product tested in animal model and human for their functional quality. 2001; Brace, 2002; Thomson and Ali, 2003; Liu et al, 2005, Kehinde, 1974) As production and was found that GAR supplementation could result of lipogenesis and differentiation in the early increase dietary energy efficiency and decrease methane differentiating adipocytes, the accumulated fatty acids in the emission (Busquet et al, 2005; Chaves et al, 2008; Yang et cells can be measured and used for comparison, which can al., 2008). Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase its possible functionality on cell metabolism of adipocytes. [EC 1.1.1.8] (GPDH) is a key enzyme for triglyceride
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