Effect of garlic flour (Allium sativum) addition on immunity and histopathology of Broilers with Newcastle disease virus

Abstract

Broiler chickens are reared for a short period (35 days) of time for their flesh. When producing broilers, several issues develop, including low productivity, immunological state, feed prices, and antibiotic restrictions. Antibiotics ought to be avoided as growth promoters to avoid antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This policy stimulates broiler livestock productivity by utilizing plant elements known as photobiotic. The use of plant materials is intended to lower the risk of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics that fail to meet regulations might cause residue buildup. Aside from it, there are several infectious disorders, such as Newcastle disease (ND). ND is a disease that frequently affects poultry, resulting in decreased production value, significant morbidity, and high mortality. ND can be prevented with vaccination and treatment to boost immunity. One type of vaccine utilizes immunomodulatory supplements, such as garlic (Allium sativum), which has anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. During the ND infection, garlic flour supplementation resulted in alterations in pathological lesions in the hearts of chicken embryos. These modifications include a reduction in the severity of the infection, which is characterized by edema, congestion, necrosis, and neutrophil infiltration. After ND infection, 1% garlic flour can improve livestock immune health, as evidenced by an increase in protective antibody titers, a drop in the number of leukocytes, and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. In the 1% garlic flour therapy group, histopathology of the spleen organ revealed differences in the severity of pathological lesions caused by ND infection.