Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses and immune-related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).

Abstract

In the current study, growth performance, biochemical constituents of muscle, activities of enzymes in the haemolymph, and expressions of immune-related genes were evaluated in the giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed diets supplemented with aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg (w/w) for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly improved in garlic-fed prawn groups compared with the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the garlic-fed groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the hepatopancreas, activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of albumin and total protein in the hemolymph were significantly increased in the garlic treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, garlic supplemented diets improved muscle biochemical profiles, particularly contents of crude protein and total ash and upregulations of immune deficiency and heat shock proteins (HSP70) gene expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, garlic has positive effects on growth performance and physio-biochemical responses of M. rosenbergii, and thus, it can be used as an additive for stress resistance and as a growth promoter in sustainable aquaculture.