Abstract
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) treated with gamma irradiation (GR) has shown promising results as an allograft without any adverse effects in in vivo and clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 15 and 25 kGy GR on the osteoinductive properties of DDM at extra-skeletal sites. As a control group, non-irradiated DDM powder was implanted into the right subcutaneous tissues of the dorsal thigh muscles of 20 nude mice. DDM powder irradiated with 15 and 25 kGy was implanted into the left side. After two and four weeks, the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After confirming osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific activities by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, a histological analysis was performed to measure the new bone formation and the number of osteoblasts and osteoclast-like cells on the surface of the DDMs. Histomorphometry was used to calculate the new bone formation area on the surface of the DDM particles (DDMs). The BMD in all the groups increased from two and four weeks without statistically significant differences. The osteoblasts were dominantly activated on DDM without GR, and DDM treated with 25 kGy compared to DDM treated with 15 kGy. Among the groups, new bone formation was identified in all the groups at each time point. In conclusion, GR at doses of 15 and 25 kGy does not affect the osteoinductive properties of DDM powder.
Highlights
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), which is obtained by removing inorganic salts with minimal leaching without denaturing the organic components of the matrix, is defined as an acid-insoluble, highly cross-linked type I collagen with matrix-binding proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [1]
New bone bridges were formed between DDM particles, and bone marrow-like structures were developed at 4 weeks (Figure 3d)
Osteoinduction associated with DDM grafts could be observed in decalcified sec‐
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralDemineralized dentin matrix (DDM), which is obtained by removing inorganic salts with minimal leaching without denaturing the organic components of the matrix, is defined as an acid-insoluble, highly cross-linked type I collagen with matrix-binding proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [1]. Autogenous DDM (auto-DDM) has shown promising clinical and histological results that are comparable to autogenous bone grafts [5]. The need for an allogeneic DDM (allo-DDM) has emerged to overcome the disadvantages of auto-DDM, such as an insufficient quantity that is dependent on the extracted teeth and the delayed time from extraction to grafting [6]. Regarding allogeneic bone substitutes, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been widely used in patients with skeletal defects and periodontal diseases [7]. Both DDM and DBM are predominantly composed of type I collagen (95%), and BMPs bind to type with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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