Effect of GA3 and Shading on the Growth and Content of Artemisinin Compound in Leaf of Artemisia (&lt;i&gt;Artemisia annua&lt;/i&gt; L.) Grown on the Medium Land of Karanganyar, Indonesia

Yuni Kusumodewi,Ahmad Yunus,Samanhudi Samanhudi,Usman Siswanto

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2017.1011.1015

Abstract

Malaria is still becomes a concern for the government of Indonesia, since this disease has affected many people. Artemisia annua L. is an aromatic plant that destroys malarial parasites, lowers fever and of which the secondary metabolite is artemisinin. Enhanced production of the artemisinin content in the whole plant is desirable. This experiment was conducted in Karanganyar, Indonesia 900m asl. The purpose of this field experiment was to investigate the effects of GA3 and shading on the growth and content of artemisinin of Artemisia. Experiment using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) arranged in factorial treatments. The first factor was the concentration of GA3 consists of 4 levels, namely: G0 (without GA3), G1 (50 ppm GA3), G2 (100 ppm GA3) and G3 (150 ppm GA3). The second factor was the level of shade, which consists of three levels, namely: N0 (without shade), N1 (55% shade) and N2 (75% shade). The results showed that: 100 ppm GA3 increased plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and yield of total extract. A treatment without shade gives the best results on the height of plant, length of root, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant and yield of total extract. Treatment of 150 ppm of GA3 and 75% shade gave the highest content of artemisinin (3.96%) while control provided 0.64%.

Highlights

Malaria is an infectious disease with high prevalence in Indonesia, as well as in several tropical countries in the world (Rogers and Randolp, 2000; Milliken, 1997; Mueller et al, 2000)
According to analysis of variance, there is significant interaction was registered for total extract between GA3 and shade treatment
The highest yield (21.25%) for yield of total extract was derived from 100 ppm of GA3 treatment and without shade, while the lowest yield (15.54%) of total extract was derived from without GA3 and 75% shade treatment (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Malaria is an infectious disease with high prevalence in Indonesia, as well as in several tropical countries in the world (Rogers and Randolp, 2000; Milliken, 1997; Mueller et al, 2000). Research on the extract of Artemisia showed that there is hepato-protective activity and this plant is traditionally used to cure liver disorders (Gilani et al, 2005). Considering the enormous potential of giving shade as a source of malaria drugs, it is necessary to do the cultivation of plants which leads to the content growth of the active compound. For those reasons, the researcher will conduct a research on the effects of GA3 and shade levels to the content of artemisinin in A. annua plants. Extracted with hexane in sochlet for 48 h and evaporated. Mean values were statistically compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p 0.05 level using different letters

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Funding Information