Effect of G6PD Activity, Mediterranean Mutation and Some Biomarkers on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease belongs to a group of disparate diseases clinically and genetically characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) as a result of defect in insulin metabolism. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1-49) is one of the most important enzymes of the metabolite, the main enzyme and the key to the Pentose phosphate path way. Unsuitable control of blood glucose decreases G6PD activity and increases diabetes mellitus complications. the This study evaluated effect of Mediterranean mutation which causes decrease G6PD activity on diabetes patients and evaluated the difference of G6PD activity among diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the impact of hyperglycemia on the G6PD activity and different in G6PD activity in six and age and relation between Calcium and Magnesium with G6PD activity and Mediterranean mutation and found correlative coefficient(r) between G6PD activity in Patient and Blood sugar, Calcium, Magnesium and G6PD activity in healthy people. Asixteen diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were selected from patients 8 to 60 years old. Demographic data including gender, age, height, weight, duration of diabetes mellitus, type and duration of treatment, medical history (especially fauvism) were recorded. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured. One blood sample was taken from each subject and 5 elements including G6PD presence and activity, fasting plasma glucose, plasma Calcium, Magnesium and DNA was extraction from whole blood and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and later subjected to digestion by restriction enzyme <i>MboII</i> to create restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to enable the detection of mutation that caused G6PD deficiency namely Mediterranean (Med). G6PD activity was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects (P<0.05). Within diabetics, G6PD mean activity was significantly higher in non-group (P<0.05) and in subjects with BMI < 25 (P<0.05). G6PD mean activity was significantly higher in non-diabetics than (P<0.01) and Ca, Mg diabetics patients (P<0.05) the Med-G6PD mutation in diabetes patient was more in non-diabetes patient, (47) diabetes patient have Med-G6PD (78.3%) and (15) non diabetes have the mutation (15%) and the G6PD activity was significantly higher with Med-G6PD mutation in in diabetes patient (P<0.05) and non-significantly higher with non-diabetes patient.<i> The </i>Med-G6PD mutation can be used as molecular marker to diagnosis diabetes, Diabetic hyperglycemia may lead to serious complications and decrease G6PD activity. This issue itself aggravates diabetic injury due to inappropriate anti oxidation process. Simultaneous dyslipidemia and obesity may intensify the effect of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.