Abstract
ABSTRACT: F. graminearum is the main causal agent of Head blight in cereals in Argentina. This is a disease that develops during the host floral state. When the reproductive structures in the host are invaded, grains may be shriveled and reduced in weight, causing a decrease in yield. Physiological diagnostic techniques on seeds detect the damages produced by this fungus could be used to take decisions related to the quality of seed lots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible physiological damage caused by F. graminearum isolates in soybean seeds and wheat caryopsis. Seeds and caryopsis were obtained from plants exposed to fungal infection and were evaluated under two situations: artificial inoculations under greenhouse conditions and natural infection from fields of Santa Fe Province (33°43'22''S; 62°14'46''W). Seed weight, topographical tetrazolium test, standard germination test, electrical conductivity test and X-ray test were performed in soybean seeds and wheat caryopsis from each treatment. Differential behaviors of F. graminearum strains in susceptible soybean and wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions revealed specific interactions among soybean and wheat genotypes with this fungus. F. graminearum infection in susceptible cultivars under greenhouse conditions produced a significant decrease in the physiological quality of soybean seed and wheat caryopsis. These behaviors were not detected under field conditions in the evaluated locations. All seed quality tests used in this experiment were useful to show differences in infection in soybean and wheat independently of F. graminearum infection.
Highlights
Fusarium graminearumSchwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] is the main causal agent of Head blight in cereals in Argentina (RAMIREZ et al, 2006)
The capacity of F. graminearum to reduce the physiological quality of soybean seeds (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and wheat caryopsis (Tritichum aestivum L.) obtained from plants exposed to fungal infection was evaluated under different conditions: i) with artificial inoculations under greenhouse conditions, and ii) with natural infection from fields of Santa Fe Province
Weight rates for soybean seeds and wheat caryopsis are shown in Tables 3 and 4, including cultivars exposed to artificial and natural interaction with F. graminearum
Summary
Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] is the main causal agent of Head blight in cereals in Argentina (RAMIREZ et al, 2006). The disease progresses under warm and humid conditions, especially with a temperature between 20 to 30 °C. This disease is a monocyclic one, which develops principally in host floral state. The fungus grows its parasitic state over functional tissues, and later the saprophytic state over death tissues (crop residues). For this reason, the inoculum is available all year, which generates the possibility of new infections in cereals and other novel hosts (PIOLI et al, 2004; SCHAAFSMA et al, 2005)
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