Abstract
During the converter steelmaking process, the presence of supersonic oxygen jets can provide oxygen to high-temperature metal baths that promotes chemical reactions in the bath, accelerates the smelting rhythm, and facilitates a uniform distribution of the ingredients in the bath. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with combustion reactions is established and compared to the results of combustion experiment. This paper studies the behavior and fluid flow characteristics of supersonic oxygen jets under different environmental compositions under a steelmaking temperature of 1873 K. This validated CFD model can be used to investigate the effect of furnace gas on supersonic oxygen jet characteristics during the converter steelmaking process. The results indicate that the composition of furnace gas has an impact on the characteristics of the oxygen jet. Specifically, as the carbon monoxide (CO) volume fraction increases, the high velocity region of supersonic oxygen jet increases, and the high temperature and the high turbulent kinetic energy regions expand.
Highlights
Top and bottom blowing converter steelmaking, which is the most important method of steelmaking, is employed worldwide
The results show that the supersonic combustion coherent jet could be stably burned under high temperature environments, and the combustion flame is beneficial in protecting the flow characteristics of the main oxygen jet because the supersonic length of the coherent jet is increased
The results show that the ambient temperature, the number of nozzles and the nozzle angle have an effect on the convergence of multiple supersonic jets, and as the ambient temperature increases, the number of nozzles decrease, and the jet velocity and dynamic pressure decay appear to be delayed
Summary
Top and bottom blowing converter steelmaking, which is the most important method of steelmaking, is employed worldwide. CFD models and water model experiments to study the energy transfer between the supersonic jet and the molten pool, it was found that about 50% of the total energy of the supersonic jets could be utilized to stir high-temperature melts. Yang et al [12] used water model experiments to study the effect of the inclination of the center of the Laval tube to form the oxygen lance on the supersonic jet characteristics. Many researchers use numerical simulation, water model and combustion experimental methods to study the characteristics of supersonic jets, such as the pressure and temperature of the environment and the structure of the lance. The velocity distribution, total temperature distribution and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the supersonic jet formed by the Laval tube and the oxygen lance were analyzed according to the numerical simulation results
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