Abstract
AbstractA study was conducted to examine the effect of fulvic acid (FA) on the adsorption of methyl parathion and parathion by Ca2+ − and Fe3+‐montmorillonite suspensions, and to determine whether FA in solution could alter the water solubility of these insecticides. FA, in the 10‐ to 100‐mg/liter range, did not affect the water solubility of the two insecticides. In Ca2+‐montmorillonite suspensions, increasing FA concentrations first enhanced methyl parathion adsorption, followed by adsorption decrease at higher FA levels. Methyl parathion adsorption in Fe3+‐montmorillonite suspensions decreased, with increasing FA levels. Parathion adsorption was not significantly altered in either clay suspension. The order in which the FA, clay, and insecticide were mixed affected methyl parathion adsorption. The greatest effects were observed where FA was adsorbed by the clay before the insecticide solutions were added. FA adsorption by Ca2+‐montmorillonite fitted the Freundlich isotherm, whereas the much greater adsorption by Fe3+‐montmorillonite fitted the Langmuir isotherm. Although both CaCl2 and FeCl3 solutions greatly enhanced FA removal by their respective clay suspensions (even at low concentrations), parathion adsorption was not affected. The presence of FA in the FeCl3‐Fe3+‐montmorillonite suspensions appeared to prevent parathion degradation.
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