Abstract
The fuel flow in the diesel engine nozzle has a vital impact on the fuel atomization and spray, and the fuel mass flux affects the internal flow of the nozzle. The visual experimental platform for a transparent nozzle was built to obtain the image of fuel flow in a nozzle with a small sac combining the back-light imaging technology and a high-speed framing camera. A two-phase three-component numerical model, based on the OpenFOAM solver, was calculated to quantitatively analyze gas ingestion and cavitation in the nozzle. The results indicate that at the end of injection (EOI), fuel cavitation and external air backflow (gas ingestion) occur successively in the nozzle, and both phenomena first appear in the orifice and then transition to the sac. Cavitation collapse is the major factor of gas ingestion, and the total amount of gas ingestion and cavitation mainly depends on the sac. The outflow of fuel largely depends on the total amount of cavitation and the inertial outflow of fuel at the EOI. The type of cavitation in the nozzle mainly presents annular and bulk cavitation, the former primarily exists in the sac, while the latter is established within the orifice. Therefore, larger mass flows will contribute to stronger cavitation and gas ingestion.
Highlights
With the increasing global energy demand, the research on fuel injection technology, sprays, and combustion, especially in the transportation sector, has been steadily increasing
The fuel flow characteristic for the fuel injector has an obvious impact on the fuel atomization and spraying [6,7,8,9], it is of certain significance to research the internal flow of the fuel injector
At the beginning of the end of injection (EOI), cavitation occurred at the orifice inlet, as shown by
Summary
With the increasing global energy demand, the research on fuel injection technology, sprays, and combustion, especially in the transportation sector, has been steadily increasing. Battistoni [30] proposed a large eddy simulation turbulence model by coupling multi-phase flow to investigate the fuel flow in the nozzle at the SOI and EOI, but he did not study gas ingestion at the EOI. A two-phase three-component numerical method for nozzle studies is presented, combined with a visualization experiment to further study the cavitation and gas ingestion at the EOI and at different fuel mass fluxes. These results are helpful for future researchers to further study cavitation in the nozzle to improve the quality of fuel atomization
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