Abstract
The objective of current work is to analyse the influence of different welding techniques and welding parameters on the morphology and mechanical strength of friction stir welds (FSW) in polymers, based on data collected in the literature. In the current work, only articles that provide data on the joint efficiency, or sufficient information to estimate it are considered. The process using conventional tool is presented and compared with new procedures developed for FSW of polymers, such as those using tools with heated stationary shoulder, preheating of the polymer or double-side passage of the tool. The influence of tool rotational speed (w), welding speed (v), tilt angle and geometry of the pin are discussed. This work focuses on the polymers most studied in the literature, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The use of external heating and tools with stationary shoulder proved to be of great importance in improving the surface finish, reducing defects, and increasing the mechanical strength of the welds. The increase in the w/v ratio increased the joint efficiency, especially when using conventional tools on PE. A trend was obtained for conventional FSW, but it was difficult to establish mathematical relationships, because of the variability of welding conditions.
Highlights
The importance of polymers has grown significantly in the industry due to the increase in the number of applications of these materials in daily life [1]
Good moldability, excellent resistance to corrosion and low production costs are some of the characteristics of polymeric materials that have led to the substitution of many materials by polymers in many sectors of industry, especially in the automobile, naval and aerospace sectors [2]
laser welding (LW) depends a lot on the optical properties of the polymers, ultrasonic welding (USW) is limited to reduced thicknesses of the joints and induction welding (IW) requires long process times
Summary
The importance of polymers has grown significantly in the industry due to the increase in the number of applications of these materials in daily life [1]. LW depends a lot induction welding (IW) [10] and friction stir spot welding (FSSW) [11]. LW depends a lot on the optical properties of the polymers, USW is limited to reduced thicknesses of the joints and IW requires long process times. FSSW and friction stir refill spot welding (FSpW) are variations of FSW where there is no linear movement of the tool, which only allows spot welding, resulting in the stress concentration and does not guarantee a watertight weld. All these processes produce welds with relatively low joint effiActually, Pereira al.polymers,.
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