Abstract
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) has been used for the extraction of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) in producing xanton. Mangosteen peel extraction with UAE has been carried out to determine the effect of frequency, temperature, and time of sonication on the xanton content. The parameters controlled are frequency (20 - 40 kHz), temperature (25 - 35oC), and sonication time (20 - 40 minutes). The solvent used in the extraction was methanol with a ratio of mangosteen peel: solvent = 1: 10 and analysis of xanton content in the extraction. Extraction results showed that the content of xanthones from the extraction results of mangosteen (Gracinia mangostana L.) peel with UAE had optimum values at a frequency of 40 kHz, temperature of 35oC, and sonication time of 30 minutes. At the same frequency, temperature, and time, conventionally showed xanthones content of mangosteen rind extract of 93 ppm. The results show that the extraction yield using UAE is greater than that of conventional methods. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the use of the UAE in the xanthones extraction process of mangosteen peel (Gracinia mangostana L.) is more optimal when compared to conventional methods.
Highlights
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical plant that is spread in Asia
Testing on all components of the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) device is carried out before starting the extraction including the characterization of the sensor used and calibration
In previous studies mentioned the xanton content contained in mangosteen peel includes α-mangostin (1), β-mangostin (2), and γ-mangostin (3) [2]
Summary
One of the substances contained in the mangosteen plant is xanton, which is used as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal [1]. Xanton is a very strong antioxidant compound in mangosteen known to be able to withstand high polysaccharides naturally [3], so mangosteen can be used as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus. Xanton can repair damaged pancreatic cells so that they are able to produce insulin optimally and increase the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin in type 2 diabetes [4]. One of the contents of xanton substances that have strong antioxidant activity is the α-mangostin compound whose extract form can be administered orally because xanton bioactive components are conjugated freely and are not conjugated with other compounds [5,6]
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