Abstract
The study of ultrasonic atomization is one of the important factors for fuel spray process in the diesel engine combustion chamber. The droplet characteristics are influenced by liquid properties and vibration frequency. In this study, the phenomenon of droplet formation and droplet size were studied at different frequencies of the ultrasonic atomization processes for water liquid. The ultrasonic atomizer was used for the atomization process to generate droplets. CFD- 2D with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was used to study the process of droplet size and droplet formation at different frequencies. Water with constant film thickness and bending vibration at constant vibration amplitude were used in this model. The variation of vibration frequencies is applied from 50 kHz to 200 kHz with 50 kHz increment. The results showed that the number of droplets and the area of droplet formation increases with the increases in the vibration frequency. Effect of vibration frequency to the size of the droplet, time for droplet formation, velocity, and several droplets is more significant at vibration frequency 50 kHz to 100 kHz than vibration frequency from 100 kHz to 200 kHz.
Highlights
Droplets are often found in the surrounding and engineering application. In engineering application, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, burner, and automotive, most of the droplets are generated by practical methods, such as pressure atomization, rotary atomizer, and two-fluid atomization
Yasuda observed the effect of vibration frequency and ultrasonic intensity to the atomization rate and the number of atomized droplets
The results of ultrasonic atomization process can be solved in three ways, such as analytical, experimental, and numerical approach
Summary
In engineering application, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, burner, and automotive, most of the droplets are generated by practical methods, such as pressure atomization, rotary atomizer, and two-fluid atomization Those processes have some difficulty such as high energy, wider droplets size distribution, clogged, or more complex atomizer design. Ultrasonic atomizers are growing faster than other atomizers because they offer more uniform and smaller droplet size. This kind of droplets characteristics is appropriated for a diesel engine. When the liquid flow rate and vibration frequency are high, it becomes difficult to capture, while the magnitude of the vibration frequency has an important role in determining the size of droplets. Yasuda observed the effect of vibration frequency and ultrasonic intensity to the atomization rate and the number of atomized droplets. To get accurate tracking method and to capture the shape precisely should apply smaller meshing size [3, 8, 9]
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