Abstract
The effects of freeze-drying and extraction solvents on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant properties of five rabbiteye blueberry genotypes, namely ‘Centurion’, ‘Maru’, ‘Rahi’, ‘Ono’, and ‘Tifblue’, were investigated. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities were found between extracts from different genotypes and between freeze-dried and unfreeze-dried samples. Crude water extracts from the berries of ‘Tifblue’ had the highest TPC and TFC followed by ‘Ono’, ‘Centurion’, ‘Rahi’, and ‘Maru’. Acidification by 5% (v/v) formic acid resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in TPC and TFC in water extracts and antioxidant activity as measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) when compared with unacidified water. The results showed that freeze dried whole berries extracted in 5% aqueous formic acid demonstrated significantly higher (P < 0.0001) antioxidant activity, as measured by FRAP and ORAC, than those extracted in water alone and this was the case for all the tested genotypes. Overall, a strong positive correlation was observed between TPC and TFC and antioxidant activity measured by FRAP or ORAC, indicating that these compounds are significant contributors to the antioxidant activity of the tested blueberry genotypes.
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