Abstract
BackgroundCarica papaya leaves have been used for traditional treatment of dengue fever and have been reported to exhibit an immunomodulatory activity by affecting the level of cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Due to the lack of adequate in vivo evidence in dengue disease model, the present study was initiated to screen and identify the cytokines affected by freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) treatment in AG129 mice infected with DEN-2 dengue virus.MethodsThe AG129 mice were fed orally with FCPLJ for 3 consecutive days after 24 h of dengue virus inoculation. Plasma cytokines were screened by using ProcartaPlex immunoassay. The gene expression in the liver was analyzed by using RT2 Profiler PCR Array.ResultsThe results showed that FCPLJ treatment has increased the plasma CCL2/MCP-1 level during peak of viremia. Gene expression study has identified 8 inflammatory cytokine genes which were downregulated in the liver of infected AG129 mice treated with FCPLJ. The downregulated inflammatory cytokine genes were CCL6/MRP-1, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL17/TARC, IL1R1, IL1RN/IL1Ra, NAMPT/PBEF1 and PF4/CXCL4.ConclusionThe findings indicated the possible immunomodulatory role of FCPLJ during dengue virus infection in AG129 mice.
Highlights
Carica papaya leaves have been used for traditional treatment of dengue fever and have been reported to exhibit an immunomodulatory activity by affecting the level of cytokine production in vitro and in vivo
We looked at the potential of freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) as part of dengue treatment by investigating its effects on inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of dengue virus infected AG129 mice
High level of plasma Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) was observed in the FCPLJ treated group, suggesting that the FCPLJ treatment has no effect on the plasma NS1 level in the infected AG129 mice
Summary
Carica papaya leaves have been used for traditional treatment of dengue fever and have been reported to exhibit an immunomodulatory activity by affecting the level of cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Due to the lack of adequate in vivo evidence in dengue disease model, the present study was initiated to screen and identify the cytokines affected by freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) treatment in AG129 mice infected with DEN-2 dengue virus. In the absence of antiviral drug to treat the disease, various alternative treatments are being explored including C. papaya leaf juice (CPLJ). For the past 10 years, a number of clinical trial and clinical case studies on the platelet increasing property of CPLJ or extracts in dengue patient have been reported [9,10,11,12,13]
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