Abstract
A systematic study of a momentum quadrupole fluctuation thermometer has been presented for heavy-ion collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon via the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI. It is determined that the fragment momentum fluctuation temperature indeed reflects the average temperature of the excitation source in the fragmentation process and the secondary decay. We find that the divergence between the initial temperature and the final measurement temperature is different for protons, tritons, and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. The maximum divergence of the temperature is about $20%$ probed by protons. As an example of using protons as the probe particle, we find that the isospin dependence of the nuclear temperature is consistent between the initial temperature and the final measurement temperature.
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