Effect of four different water sources on growth and yield for two bread wheat varieties Triticum astevum L.

Abstract

This study was conducted during winter season of 2007-2008 in one of Al-Madhooriya village fields of section 13 Haweeja Al-Ulia (upper Haweeja), Karkuk to investigate the effect of four different water sources available in the area on growth and yield of two bread wheat varieties (Abu-Ghraib72 and Sham 6). A split plot design been followed with three replications. The main plots represented by the varieties while the four water sources (Water from Kirkuk Irrigation Project, Well water of 100 m depth, Well water of 60 m depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project) represented the sub plot. Results showed significant differences between the two varieties in plant height, spike length and weight of 1000 grains and this might be genetically related characteristics and reflex the varietal differences, at the mean time, no such differences been observed in grain/spike, grain yield (kg/ha) and harvest index which refer to that both varieties are suitable to the area. The results also showed significant differences among the type of irrigation waters in all measured parameters, and the water from Karkuk Irrigation Project was greater in all these parameters. The combination of Abu-Ghraib72 variety with water from Karkuk Irrigation Project predominated other combinations in plant height and spike length while Sham 6 variety with water from Karkuk Irrigation Project predominated in grain/spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and harvest index. There were no significant differences between Well water of 100 m depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project in grain yield with Abu-Ghraib72 variety, and the same thing with Sham 6 variety between Well water of 60 m depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project regardless yield difference between the two varieties. This study indicated to the fact that Abu-Ghraib72 variety is more resistant to the type of irrigation waters than Sham 6, and that there is no difference between Well water of 60 m depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project in most measured parameters with Sham 6. It has been noticed positive correlation between the grain yield and all of other studied parameters and less correlation coefficient between harvest index and each of plant height and spike length which means higher plants or longest spike not necessarily leads to higher yield or higher biomass and then higher harvest index. This Study confirmed the necessity of irrigation with water from Karkuk Irrigation Project for both Abu-Ghraib72 and Sham 6 varieties and it is possible to irrigate Abu-Ghraib72 variety with well water of 60 m depth and water from Haweeja Irrigation Project