Abstract
Scheduling crops to flower on specific dates requires a knowledge of the relationship between temperature and time to flower. Our objective was to quantify the effect of temperature on time to flower and plant appearance of four herbaceous perennials. Field-grown, bare-root Coreopsis grandiflora (Hogg ex Sweet.) `Sunray', Gaillardia ×grandiflora (Van Houtte) `Goblin', and Rudbeckia fulgida (Ait.) `Goldsturm', and tissue culture—propagated Leucanthemum ×superbum (Bergman ex J. Ingram) `Snowcap' plants were exposed to 5 °C for 10 weeks and then grown in greenhouse sections set at 15, 18, 21, 24, or 27 °C under 4-hour night-interruption lighting until plants reached anthesis. Days to visible bud (VB), days to anthesis (FLW), and days from VB to FLW decreased as temperature increased. The rate of progress toward FLW increased linearly with temperature, and base temperatures and degree-days of each developmental stage were calculated. For Coreopsis, Leucanthemum, and Rudbeckia, flower size, flower-bud number, and plant height decreased as temperature increased from 15 to 26 °C.
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