Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination on Acute Phase Immune Response and Anovulation in Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae).

Daehyun Kim,Jaejung Ha,Junkoo Yi,Joonho Moon,Doyoon Kim

doi:10.3390/vaccines9050419

Abstract

Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease is the most common method for preventing the spread of the disease; the negative effects include miscarriage, early embryo death, lower milk production, and decreased growth of fattening cattle. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the side effects of vaccination by determining the acute immune response and ovulation rate after vaccinating cows for foot-and-mouth disease. The test axis was synchronized with ovulation using 100 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cows from the Gyeongsangbuk-do Livestock Research Institute; only individuals with estrus confirmed by ovarian ultrasound were used for the test. All test axes were artificially inseminated 21 days after the previous estrus date. The control group was administered 0.9% normal saline, the negative control was injected intramuscularly with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 µg/kg), and the test group was administered a foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine (FMDV vaccine; bioaftogen, O and A serotypes, inactivated vaccine) 2, 9, and 16 days before artificial insemination. White blood cells and neutrophils increased significantly 1 day after vaccination, and body temperature in the rumen increased for 16 h after vaccination. Ovulation was detected 1 day after artificial fertilization by ovarian ultrasound. The ovulation rates were as follows: control 89%, LPS 60%, FMDV vaccine (−2 d) 50%, FMDV vaccine (−9 d) 75%, and FMDV vaccine (−16 d) 75%. In particular, the FMDV vaccine (−2 d) test group confirmed that ovulation was delayed for 4 days after artificial insemination. In addition, it was confirmed that it took 9 days after inoculation for the plasma contents of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A to recover to the normal range as the main acute immune response factors. The conception rate of the FMDV vaccine (−2 d) group was 20%, which was significantly lower than that of the other test groups.

Highlights

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a common disease in cattle (Bos taurus, Bos indicus) that leads to economic loss [1]
This study aims to investigate changes in acute-phase protein levels and ovulation rates when an foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine is administered at different times before artificial insemination
FMDV vaccines are accompanied by various negative effects, such as decreased reproductive performance and milk production, as well as increased embryo loss and acute-phase protein levels [8,9]

Summary

Introduction

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a common disease in cattle (Bos taurus, Bos indicus) that leads to economic loss [1]. The governments of many countries, including those in North America, Western Europe, South America, and Asia, have developed vaccination strategies to prevent the introduction and spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle [2]. Negative effects of FMDV vaccination (early embryo loss, sperm infertility, increased acute-phase reaction protein levels, and decreased milk production) have been reported in previous studies [8,9,10]. Administration of FMDV vaccines 30 days after artificial insemination increases early pregnancy loss in dairy cows [8]. Increased rectal temperature and early pregnancy loss have been explained by the acute-phase immune reaction [8,11]

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Discussion

Conclusion