Abstract
Fly ash, the main component for controlled low-strength material (CLSM), has physical and chemical characteristics according to the resources used in the thermal power plant, and thus fly ash type can influence the physical and strength properties of CLSM. This study investigates the effect of fly ash type on the engineering properties of CLSM and establishes relationships between mechanical properties of CLSM and shear wave velocity (SWV) for long curing times. Six fly ashes with different physical properties and chemical components are used for preparing the CLSM mixtures. The air content, unit weight, flowability, and setting time of CLSM are measured. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus (E) are obtained from unconfined compressive tests, and SWV (Vs) is determined using a bender element-based wave measurement system. Experimental results show that the stiffness and strength characteristics of CLSM are relevant to the contents of two oxides (SiO2 and Al2O3) and the fineness of fly ash. Because the evolution of SWV is influenced by the fly ash type, the relationships UCS-Vs and E-Vs are well established. Thus, considering the fly ash type, shear wave monitoring may be effectively used for estimating strength and stiffness characteristics of CLSM.
Highlights
Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is known as a self-compacting, flowable, and cementitious material used mainly for trench backfill, void fill, structural fill, and pavement bases
Six fly ashes with different physical properties and chemical nents were used to investigate the effect of fly ash characteristics on the development of components were used to investigate the effect of fly ash characteristics on the developstrength and stiffness of the CLSM
The first three fly ashes with spherical particle were classified as Class F, whereas the other three fly ashes had non-spherical particle shapes were classified as Class F, whereas the other three fly ashes had non-spherical parshape and high calcium content
Summary
Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is known as a self-compacting, flowable, and cementitious material used mainly for trench backfill, void fill, structural fill, and pavement bases. Han et al [11] investigated the relationship between the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CLSM and compressional wave velocity estimated from using ultrasonic transducers. Han et al [12] showed the evolution of shear wave velocity (SWV) along the curing time for the CLSMs mixed with the sand and silt at three different ratios. This study aims to investigate the effect of fly ash type on the strength and stiffness characteristics of CLSM and to present the relationships between SWV and the mechanical properties of CLSMs mixed with different fly ashes. Fly ash type and mix design of CLSM are introduced, followed by the material properties of CLSM, such as the air content, unit weight, flowability, and setting time. The strength and stiffness characteristics of CLSM are compared with the SWV
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