Abstract
The effects of fluoride, which is present in different oral hygiene products, deserve more investigation because little is known about their impact on the surface of titanium, which is largely used in Implantology. This study evaluated the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) after exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The hypothesis tested in this study was that different concentrations of NaF applied at different time intervals can affect the titanium surface in different ways. The treatments resulted in the following groups: GA (control): immersion in distilled water; GB: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min daily; GC: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min daily; GD: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks; and GE: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks. The experiment lasted 60 days. Roughness was measured initially and every 15 days subsequently up to 60 days. After 60 days, corrosion analysis and anodic polarization were done. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness data were analyzed by ANOVA and there was no significant difference among groups and among time intervals. The corrosion data (i(corr)) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, and significant differences were found between GA and GC, GB and GC, GC and GD, GC and GE. SEM micrographs showed that the titanium surface exposed to NaF presented corrosion that varied with the different concentrations. This study suggests that the use of 0.05% NaF solution on cpTi is safe, whereas the 0.2% NaF solution should be carefully evaluated with regard to its daily use.
Highlights
The increasing interest in the use of titanium in dentistry is due to the great clinical success of commercially pure titanium in osseointegrated implants
Fluoride is one of the elements that can modify the metal surface and it can be found in different concentrations in mouthwashes and toothpastes
The effects of fluoride on the corrosion behavior of titanium and its alloys have been presented by other authors [12,15]
Summary
The increasing interest in the use of titanium in dentistry is due to the great clinical success of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) in osseointegrated implants. Titanium has excellent properties, such as good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, low density, low thermal conductibility and good resistance regarding weight [1]. CpTi forms a thin oxide layer due to its high reactivity to certain elements, especially oxygen, and that property provides it with a high corrosion resistance and proper adherence of the porcelain to the metal [3]. CpTi has a great biocompatibility to soft and hard tissues. Different products used in the oral cavity contain many substances that can affect titanium. Fluoride is often used in mouthwashes, chewing gums and dentifrices, and it can affect cpTi properties [4]
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