Abstract
Recently, nanomedicines have gained a great deal of attention in diverse biomedical applications, including anti-cancer therapy. Being different from normal tissue, the biophysical microenvironment of tumor cells and cancer cell mechanics should be considered for the development of nanostructures as anti-cancer agents. Throughout the last decades, many efforts devoted to investigating the distinct cancer environment and understanding the interactions between tumor cells and have been applied bio-nanomaterials. This review highlights the microenvironment of cancer cells and how it is different from that of healthy tissue. We gave special emphasis to the physiological shear stresses existing in the cancerous surroundings, since these stresses have a profound effect on cancer cell/nanoparticle interaction. Finally, this study reviews relevant examples of investigations aimed at clarifying the cellular nanoparticle uptake behavior under both static and dynamic conditions.
Highlights
In 1959, Richard Feynman delivered his pioneering lecture about nanotechnology in which he gave a foundation about materials miniaturization [1]
The results suggested that the number of in-vitro experiments can be successfully
Researchers have been working on cancer therapy for decades with some improvements, yet many limitations remain
Summary
In 1959, Richard Feynman delivered his pioneering lecture about nanotechnology in which he gave a foundation about materials miniaturization [1]. Nano-scaled materials have been investigated and studied extensively for use in various fields, including the medical field [2]. When the power of nanotechnology is harnessed for biomedical applications, it is designated as nano-biotechnology or bio-nanotechnology to indicate the combination of nanotechnology with the biological system [3]. Nanobiotechnology has been applied in diverse medical applications, such as drug delivery platforms, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, tissue engineering, and anti-cancer therapy. Uncontrolled cell division gives rise to rapid cell growth and the formation lumps, which is known as localized tumors. These tumor cells are characterized by fast
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