Abstract
Real-time electric signal, matter transfer mode and welding pool behavior were obtained to investigate the effect of wires’ filling rate on arc stability and joints’ appearance during underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). The electric signal results showed that arc stability first decreased and then increased rapidly because the raise of filling rate affected the number of charged particles and the electrical conductivity of welding arc atmosphere. Two typical transfer modes, globular repelled transfer mode and surface tension transfer mode, were observed in this study. The ratio of surface tension transition could be increased by adding wires’ filling rate. Meanwhile, the geometry of molten pool was changed and the distance between droplets to welding pool reduced as the filling rate increased. The fusion line became more regular and the radius of curvature increased under the effect of bubbles in the molten pool. As the filling rate improving, more slags on the welds surface were acquired and the welds were much flatter and smoother.
Highlights
Underwater welding is a rapidly developing key marine technology used in the repair and maintenance of ocean platforms, marine vessels and submarine pipeline [1,2]
There are three methods of underwater welding specific to welding environment: underwater wet welding (UWW), underwater local-dry welding and underwater dry welding [3]
Li et al studied the effect of alumino-thermic addition on underwater wet welding process stability [8]
Summary
Underwater welding is a rapidly developing key marine technology used in the repair and maintenance of ocean platforms, marine vessels and submarine pipeline [1,2]. Li et al studied the effect of alumino-thermic addition on underwater wet welding process stability [8]. There were few literatures that indicated the influence of the powder filling rate on welding process and weld joints in underwater FCAW. Most of the flux-cored tubular wires used in underwater welding was manufactured in four steps: pressing groove, filling powder, squeezing into circular and reducing the diameter. Wires with larger filling rate means more powder has melted and transferred into the molten pool during underwater FCAW. A mature flux cored wire powder formula was selected and four welding wires with different filling rates were designed to evaluate the effect of filling rate addition on underwater wet welding process stability and weld appearance
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