Effect of fibre concentration and strain rate on mechanical properties of single-gated and double-gated injection-moulded short glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene copolymer composites

Abstract

The effect of fibre concentration, strain rate and weldline on tensile strength, tensile modulus and fracture toughness of injection-moulded polypropylene copolymer (PPC) reinforced with 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight short glass fibre was studied. It was found that tensile modulus of single- and double-gated mouldings increased with increasing volume fraction of fibres, ϕf, according to additive rule-of-mixtures, and increased linearly with natural logarithm of strain rate \( ( {\text{ln}}\;\dot{e} ) \). The presence of weldlines in double-gated mouldings led to reduction in tensile modulus which for composite containing 40% by weight short fibres was as much as 30%. A linear dependence was obtained between fibre efficiency parameter for composite modulus and \( {\text{ln}}\;\dot{e} \) for both single- and double-gated moulding. Tensile strength of single-gated mouldings, σc, increased with increasing ϕf in a nonlinear manner. However, for ϕf in the range 0–12% a simple additive rule-of-mixtures adequately described the variation of σc with ϕf. A linear dependence was obtained between fibre efficiency parameter for tensile strength and \( {\text{ln}}\;\dot{e}. \) The presence of weldlines in double-gated mouldings reduced tensile strength by as much as 70%. Tensile strength of both single- and double-gated mouldings increased linearly with \( {\text{ln}}\;\dot{e}. \) Fracture toughness of single-gated mouldings increased linearly with increasing ϕf. The presence of weldlines in double-gated mouldings reduced fracture toughness by as much as 60% for composite containing 40% by weight short glass fibres.