Effect of fertilizers application and growing environment on physicochemical properties and bread making quality of Sudanese wheat cultivar

Abstract

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and bread making quality of Sudanese wheat cultivar, known as Imam, grown under different growing conditions (location and fertilization). The results showed significant differences ( P ⩽ 0.01) in all quality tests among the growing environments, fertilization, and fertilization vs. environments. Different ranges were observed for 1000-Kernel weight (KW, 30.50–34.47 g), hectoliter weight (HW, 803.8–825.7 g/hl), moisture content (MC, 12.34–12.94%), ash content (AC, 0.47–0.63%), protein content (PC, 10.76–14.08%), falling number (FN, 383.3–597.0%), wet gluten (WG, 25.77–35.08%), dry gluten (DG, 8.71–12.18%), gluten index (GI, 63.22–87.13), and loaf specific volume (LSV, 3.69–4.04 ml/g). Simple correlation analysis indicated different associations (positive, negative, weak) between all traits and throughout the three growing environments and fertilizations. Multivariate analyses clearly identify the best growing condition for Imam Cultivar as sample D from New Halfa fertilized with 100 kg/fed ammonium sulfate before sowing outscores all other samples for physicochemical and bread-making quality attributes.