Effect of fertilization pulses on the production of Gracilaria birdiae seedlings under laboratory and field conditions

Abstract

The genus Gracilaria is one of the most important sources of agar in the world. In Brazil, Gracilaria birdiae is the main commercially exploited species; however, overexploitation has contributed to the depletion of natural beds. In order to obtain more information so as to consolidate G. birdiae cultivation, studies under laboratory (indoor and outdoor) and field (sea and shrimp pond) conditions were conducted to evaluate the effects of fertilizer pulses on biomass and relative growth rate (RGR) of this species. The following nutrient sources used were (T1) shrimp-pond effluent, (T2) fertilizer for aquarium plants (Mbreda), and (T3) fertilizer extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (Acadian). Significant differences for growth were recorded over time for all treatments in both outdoor and field conditions (p < 0.001). The highest RGRs were recorded for treatments that used pulses of commercial fertilizers (T2 and T3) and the lowest for treatment using shrimp-pond effluent pulses (T1). The analysis of the nutrient content in tissue also showed a relationship between growth and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the algal tissues. The N/P ratio indicated a significant effect on the growth of G. birdiae and the highest RGRs were registered for seedlings with a N/P ratio ≥16 (T2 and T3). In conclusion, the best results were recorded for the Mbreda and Acadian commercial fertilizers. However, although no significant differences were detected between growth and the two fertilizers (T2 and T3), the seedlings cultivated under Acadian pulses showed a better performance against environmental stress caused by reduced salinity.