Abstract
This examination aims to determinate influence of fertilizers toward weed infestation, morphological and productive traits of different alternative small grains, as well as to examine the correlation of the studied traits of alternative small grains with weed infestation in organic production. The field experiment was conducted on luvic chernozem in completely randomized blocks, repeatad four times, in the three year period (2013/2014-2015/2016). Examination was carried out on one winter cultivars of naked barley, spelt, durum, compactum wheat and triticale, and the experiment included fertilization with microbiological fertilizer (5.0 L ha-1) as well as the combined application of microbiological (5.0 L ha-1) and organic fertilizer (3.0 t ha-1). Results obtained pointed out that examined factors have important influence toward number and the dry weed weight, but the influence toward diversity weeds is negligible. The smallest the total number of weeds (12.7 plants m-2), as well as the dry weight of weeds (18.5 g m-2) was noted in the spelt (P˂0.01). The considerably significant smaller the total number of weeds on the variant F2 (14.7 plants m-2) compared to F1 (15.4 plants m-2) and F0 (15.5 plants m-2), while dry weed weight on the variants F1 (23.7 g m-2) and F2 (23.8 g m-2) significant higher comparing to control F0 (20.7 g m-2). The use of fertilizers have significatly influenced the increase of the stem height (5.5-10.0%), spike length (6.4-9.9%), weight of the plant (9.5-20.8%) and the weight of grains in the spike (7.8-16.9%). The negative dependence of the weeds number (r= -0.69) and its dry weight (r= -0.39) relаted to the height of stem, and, also, negative dependence between weight of grains in the spike with the weed number (r= -0.32) has been perceived. These results of examination showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds in the organic production alternative small grains.
Highlights
This examination aims to determinate influence of fertilizers toward weed infestation, morphological and productive traits of different alternative small grains, as well as to examine the correlation of the studied traits of alternative small grains with weed infestation in organic production
Some studies conducted with mineral fertilizers have shown that higher levels of their application positively affect the seed germination (Jornsgard et al 1996) and the weed number (Ross & Van Acker 2005), and that the mineral fertilization have a stimulating effect on weed infestation
After the observation during this three-year period, it can be concluded that a weed community consists of relatively large number of species (26) in alternative small grains, representing one of organic field production characteristics
Summary
This examination aims to determinate influence of fertilizers toward weed infestation, morphological and productive traits of different alternative small grains, as well as to examine the correlation of the studied traits of alternative small grains with weed infestation in organic production. The negative dependence of the weeds number (r= -0.69) and its dry weight (r= -0.39) relаted to the height of stem, and, negative dependence between weight of grains in the spike with the weed number (r= -0.32) has been perceived These results of examination showed that proper selection of the genotypes with the application of fertilisers could have a significant effect on the weeds in the organic production alternative small grains. Some studies conducted with mineral fertilizers have shown that higher levels of their application positively affect the seed germination (Jornsgard et al 1996) and the weed number (Ross & Van Acker 2005), and that the mineral fertilization have a stimulating effect on weed infestation When it comes to weed biomass, Jornsgard et al (1996) state that weed biomass in winter wheat could be increased, unchanged, or reduced with increased soil N depending on weed and crop. The aim of this research is to determine if in the terms of organic production, the use of fertilization might influence weed infestation, morphological and productive traits of alternative small grains, simulatenously, investigate connection between traits of different alternative small grains and the weed infestation
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