Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer (cattle manure) and monoammonium phosphate (Russian MAP-R and Serbian MAP-S) on available Cd levels in soil and Cd uptake by lettuce plants grown on vertisol and fluvisol. Fertilization treatments were as follows: control - without fertilization, mature cattle manure (20 g kg-1 soil), MAP-R (0.1 g kg-1 soil), MAP-S (0.1 g kg-1 soil). Prior to the experiment, available Cd level was higher in vertisol (0.06 mg kg-1) than in fluvisol (0.04 mg kg-1). The manure application had no significant effect on increased DTPAextractable Cd content in both soils, as compared to control. Available Cd level was decreased by MAP-R (vertisol 0.0494 mg kg-1, fluvisol 0.0227 mg kg-1) and increased by MAP-S application (vertisol 0.0577 mg kg-1, fluvisol 0.0288 mg kg-1) in both soil types as compared to control. The use of manure and MAP increased Cd concentration in lettuce, in all treatments except in manure treatment on vertisol. Lettuce head weight was highest in manure treatment on both soil types.
Highlights
Soil pollution with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni) is a large problem in intensive plant production
After the lettuce growing cycle, the Cd level decreased in all treatments (Figure 1), ranging from 0.0227 mg kg-1 (MAP-R) to 0.0288 mg kg-1 (MAP-S and manure)
The same decreasing tendency of available Cd levels was observed in vertisol (Figure 1), falling within the range of 0.06 mg kg-1 before planting to 0.0494 mg kg-1 (MAP-R) and 0.0577 mg kg-1 (MAP-S) after harvest
Summary
Soil pollution with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni) is a large problem in intensive plant production. Major sources of heavy metals in soils include the parent material and phosphorus fertilizers as one of the most important anthropogenic sources of soil pollution with heavy metals, Cd in particular (Bogdanovic et al 1999; Jiao et al 2004; Chen et al 2009; Williams and David 1973). Manure applications increase soil Cd levels, having a long-term effect (Benke et al 2008). Both the uptake and level of Cd are dependent upon soil type, primarily acidity, organic matter content, soil texture (Golia et al 2008; Williams and David 1973). Plants have the ability to accumulate different amounts of Cd in edible parts, without causing an unfavorable effect on their growth (Chen et al 2009). Singh (1990) obtained an increase in Cd levels in test plants with increasing phosphorus rates
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