Effect of feeding sunflower seeds on the performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail stability and sensory characteristics of pasture-fed and feedlot finished beef

Abstract

This study examined the effects of whole sunflower seed (WSS) supplementation on production parameters, carcass traits, and organoleptic characteristics of beef from steers slaughtered directly off pasture or after receiving a finishing diet. Ninety-six yearling steers (410 kg; SD = 44 kg) were randomly allocated to three pasture (P) dietary treatments: (1) supplemented with P-WSS (n = 48), (2) supplemented with cracked barley grain (P-BAR, n = 24), and (3) not supplemented (P-CON, n = 24). Steers rotationally grazed meadow bromegrass-alfalfa pasture for 66 d during the summer and consumed WSS and BAR at a rate of 0.75 and 1.79 kg head-1 d-1, respectively. At the end of summer grazing half the steers from each pasture dietary treatment group were moved to a feedlot (F) where they were fed high barley-based finishing diets. The remaining 48 steers continued with their dietary treatments on stockpiled pasture for an additional 47 d (SD = 11) until they were slaughtered directly off pasture. In the feedlot, half the steers from each pasture dietary treatment were fed either a control [83% rolled barley, 10% alfalfa hay, 5% barley silage, 1% molasses and 1% vitamin/mineral mix on a dry matter (DM) basis; F-CON] or a F-WSS diet (68% rolled barley, 15% WSS, 10% alfalfa hay, 5% barley silage, 1% molasses and 1% vitamin/mineral mix on a DM basis) for a further 94 d until slaughter. Supplementation of BAR on pasture increased average daily gain (ADG), while supplementation of WSS had no effect on ADG compared with no supplementation (0.73 vs. 0.58 vs. 0.55 kg d-1, P = 0.023). Inclusion of 15% WSS in the finishing diet decreased ADG (1.46 vs. 1.72 kg d-1, P = 0.038), dry matter intake (DMI) (11.6 vs. 12.6 kg d-1, P = 0.058) and had no effect on feed to gain ratio (8.0 vs. 7.4 kg d-1, P = 0.160). Provision of WSS on pasture or in finishing diets had no effect on carcass traits and organoleptic characteristics of beef from steers slaughtered directly off pasture or after receiving a finishing diet. Slaughtering steers directly off pasture, regardless of pasture dietary treatment, adversely affected most carcass merit, meat quality and retail appearance and acceptability parameters compared with steers finished on a high-barley grain diet. These results indicate that increasing the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids threefold in the pasture dietary treatment or greater than eightfold in the finishing diets had a small negative effect on animal growth rate and no adverse effect on carcass merit, meat quality and retail acceptability. Key words: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, retail acceptability, beef cattle