Abstract
Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to study the titanium-opacified enamel overlaid directly on nickel pickle steel at 800°C for 2.5 min. The titania-opacified enamel (about 100 μm thick) was enriched in faceted anatase which grew and/or coalesced to form larger crystals. A minor amount of rutile with a rough surface was also formed. Interdiffusion, mainly cations of Fe and Ti, across the metal-enamel interface caused the formation of an intermediate zone (about 10 μm wide) shich is basically a glass ceramic with more or less equiaxed crystals, namely, spinel oxide (Fe 3O 4 alloyed with Ni ion), pseudobrookite (Fe 2TiO 5) and garnet (silicate with Al, K, Ti and Fe) in the inner area, but with prismatic ilmenite (FeTiO 3 with varied Fe to Ti stoichiometry) oriented regularly in the outer area. The ilmenite crystal has (0001) habit plane and elongated along [1100] which is approximately parallel to the direction of interdiffusion. Regardless of the alloying of Ni at the interface, the adherence oxide and the co-existing iron phase remain as spinel and b.c.c structure, respectively. The effect of O (added in the steel or enamel) on the FeNi alloying at the interface is discussed.
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