Abstract
Wood fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites (WFRPCs) were used as a filament to manufacture the unidirectional WFRPC components by means of fused deposition modeling (FDM). The physico-mechanical properties of the WFRPC components printed at different extrusion temperatures (200, 210, 220, and 230 °C) were determined. The results revealed that most of the physical properties (moisture content, surface roughness, water absorption rate, and thickness swelling rate) of the printed WFRPC component were not significantly influenced by extrusion temperature, while its density and color difference increased as the extrusion temperature increased. Additionally, the tensile and flexural properties of the FDM-printed WFRPC component decreased when the extrusion temperature was more than 200 °C, whereas the compressive strength and internal bond strength increased by 15.1% and 24.3%, respectively, when the extrusion temperature was increased from 200 to 230 °C. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the fracture surface of the tensile component printed at a higher extrusion temperature exhibited a better compatibility at fiber/PLA interfaces and good adhesion between the extruded filament segments. These results indicate that the FDM printing process using different extrusion temperatures has a substantial impact on the surface color, density, and mechanical properties of the printed WFRPC component.
Highlights
In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM), defined by ASTM F2792, has been a promising technology in various applications, such as aeronautics, civil engineering, automotive engineering, and medicine
wood fiber-reinforced PLA composite (WFRPC) components were prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing at different extrusion temperatures in the WFRPC components were prepared by FDM printing at different extrusion temperatures in the range of 200–230 ◦ C
Compared to that of the WFRPC200 samples, an increase in E* of the printed samples was observed as the extrusion temperature increased
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM), defined by ASTM F2792, has been a promising technology in various applications, such as aeronautics, civil engineering, automotive engineering, and medicine. Various commercially available AM methods include fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet printing (IP), selective laser sintering (SLS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), and stereolithography (STL) [1]. Among these methods, FDM has recently gained popularity and achieved widespread use as the manufacturing process of desktop 3D printers. Many studies have reported that FDM allows solid parts with a 3D geometry to be formed by assembling successive layers of conventional or biodegradable thermoplastic material, such as polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polylactic acid (PLA) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Wider applications of PLA are limited by drawbacks, such as brittleness and a low thermal resistance.
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