Abstract
Railway networks are exposed to various environmental conditions. It is thus critical that infrastructure components can tolerate such effects by design. Railway sleepers are a critical safety component in ballasted track systems. Prestressed concrete is currently the most common material for railway sleepers due to its superior advantages in structural performance, low maintenance, sustainability, and construction. In practice, many prestressed concrete sleepers are installed in harsh environments that are subject to various changes in climate. Environmental conditions are, therefore, one of the most critical phenomena affecting the time-dependent behaviour of prestressed concrete sleepers. Hence, the impact of climate changes on the serviceability of railway infrastructure needs to be thoroughly investigated. Temperature and relative humidity are crucial aspects that have not been sufficiently studied so far with reference to prestressed concrete sleepers embedded in track systems. This study aims to investigate the effects of extreme climatic conditions on the performance and time-dependent behaviour of prestressed concrete sleepers using contemporary design approaches. The issue concerning the effects of climate uncertainties on creep and shrinkage is rigorously investigated on the basis of both environmental temperature and relative humidity. The outcome indicates that environmental conditions play a vital role in the time-dependent behaviour of prestressed concrete sleepers. The insights will be essential for assessing the long-term serviceability of prestressed concrete sleepers that have been installed in railway lines and are subjected to extreme environmental conditions.
Highlights
Climate uncertainty has become a significant issue around the world and is a social, economic, and political problem
Prestressed concrete sleepers have gained a reputation for their satisfactory structural performance and its associated benefits
Prestressed concrete sleepers havelifegained a reputation their sleepers satisfactory structural for years, but it can be vary largely depending on time-dependent behaviour
Summary
Climate uncertainty has become a significant issue around the world and is a social, economic, and political problem. The reasons for climate change could be derived from human activity, biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by the Earth, and volcanic eruptions. Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme phenomena (IPCC, 2007) [1]. The performance of railway infrastructure that is exposed to extreme environmental conditions can be directly influenced by climate change. “Extreme climate” is defined as unusual, unexpected, or unpredicted severe weather, based on historical records of the 10% most unusual cases [2,3]. Extreme weather may lead to Climate 2019, 7, 17; doi:10.3390/cli7010017 www.mdpi.com/journal/climate
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