Abstract
Extraction can be carried out at ambient temperature or high temperature to accelerate the extraction process of secondary metabolites from simplicia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extraction methods on antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of papery skin extracts and fractions of Maja Cipanas onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum). Extraction methods were maceration, percolation, reflux, and Soxhlet method, and then, concentrated extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction based on the polarity of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The phytochemical screening showed that onion papery skin contained alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The IC50 value of the extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the four extraction methods in the concentration range 25–400 μg/mL were in the range of 55.62–107.08, 31.31–84.06, and 126.05–139.82 μg/mL, respectively, while the IAA value was in the ranges of 0.25–0.49, 0.32–0.86, and 0.19–0.21, respectively. Variation in IC50 and IAA values indicate that the extraction method affects antioxidant activity, due to extracted secondary metabolites from simplicia. The highest antioxidant activity was an ethyl acetate fraction by the reflux method, while the lowest was water fraction by the percolation method.
Highlights
Extraction can be carried out at ambient temperature or high temperature to accelerate the extraction process of secondary metabolites from simplicia. is study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extraction methods on antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of papery skin extracts and fractions of Maja Cipanas onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)
Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. e phytochemical screening showed that onion papery skin contained alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. e IC50 value of the extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the four extraction methods in the concentration range 25–400 μg/mL were in the range of 55.62–107.08, 31.31–84.06, and 126.05–139.82 μg/mL, respectively, while the IAA value was in the ranges of 0.25–0.49, 0.32–0.86, and 0.19–0.21, respectively
Variation in IC50 and IAA values indicate that the extraction method affects antioxidant activity, due to extracted secondary metabolites from simplicia. e highest antioxidant activity was an ethyl acetate fraction by the reflux method, while the lowest was water fraction by the percolation method
Summary
Ethyl acetate and water fraction were placed in different containers and concentrated, and the yield was calculated [9]. Each of 30 g onion papery skin was extracted with 300 mL of a mixture of 70% ethanol and 2 N hydrochloride acid, with a pH of 1.0 in a macerator, percolator, and reflux and Soxhlet apparatus. E concentrated extract was dissolved in 40 mL of 60°C water and put into a separating funnel, and 20 mL of n-hexane was added. E water fraction was put back into the separating funnel, and another 20 mL of n-hexane was added and carried out as above. Extract, and fraction were dissolved in 96% ethanol and diluted into five concentrations. Values were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05
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