Abstract
The extracted titanium tailings slag (TS) is a by-product of titanium extraction from the blast furnace slag. Its chemical composition is similar to that of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), but the relatively lower reactivity limited its utilization as a supplementary cementitious material. In this study, the reactivity of TS was improved by mechanical grinding, and the optimum property of finely ground TS was selected to replace fly ash (FA) in the alkali-activated FA-GGBS binder. The influence of TS content on the fluidity, setting time, and compressive strength of the ternary binder was investigated. X-Ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the effect of TS on the reaction process. Results showed that the optimum reactivity index of TS was 81.18% at 28 days when it was ground for 15 min in a ball mill. The highest compressive strength of the alkali-activated ternary binder was achieved when the replacement of FA by ground TS was 40%, and its 28-day compressive strength was 49.3 MPa, approximately 22% higher than the binder without TS. The addition of the TS would accelerate the reaction process of binder to form more products, including C-(A)-S-H and gismondine.
Highlights
The extracted titanium tailings slag (TS) was produced from titanium extraction blast furnace slag with high TiO2 content by a process of high-temperature carbonization and low-temperature selective chlorination (Wang et al, 2008)
The glassy structure was destroyed and the surface area of TS particles involved in the chemical reaction increased, which is beneficial to silicon and aluminum dissolving and ion penetration in the cementitious system
The reactivity of the extracted titanium tailings slag was improved by mechanical grinding, and the influence of the ground extracted titanium tailings slag on the setting and hardening properties of the alkali-activated fly ash (FA)-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was investigated
Summary
The extracted titanium tailings slag (TS) was produced from titanium extraction blast furnace slag with high TiO2 content by a process of high-temperature carbonization and low-temperature selective chlorination (Wang et al, 2008) It is mainly produced in the southwestern area of China, and the annual emission is approximately 90,000 tons at present (Sun et al, 2022). TS has a glassy structure with latent hydraulic property, indicating the potential application prospect in the field of building materials. It contains mineral phases such as perovskite and diopside, causing a lower reactivity than that of GGBS (Zhang 2018; Yao 2019).
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