Abstract
Background Emerging studies have explored the association between the famine exposure during early life and the risk of the metabolic syndrome, and the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the famine effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Materials and Methods. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant studies up to December 2019. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effect exposure to famine on MetS using a random-effects model, and the I2 was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Results The analyses included 39 studies from 10 articles with a total of 81504 participants. Fourteen studies from 10 articles for fetal famine exposure, 20 studies from 7 articles for childhood famine exposure, and 5 studies from 3 articles for adolescence/adult famine exposure were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with a nonexposed group, famine exposure significantly increased the risk of MetS for early life famine exposure (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38), fetal famine exposure (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.43), and childhood famine exposure (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44). Subgroup analyses showed that the result was consistent regardless of the study designs, definitions of MetS, and causes of famine, with or without adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that exposure to famine during early life may increase the risk of MetS in adulthood.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the pathological state that the metabolic abnormalities gathered and mutually connected, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central obesity, and these metabolic derangements increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, some cancers, and all-cause mortality among the adult population [1, 2]
A total of 1510 articles were retrieved based on the search strategy. 1498 potential articles were included after duplicates were removed, and 12 articles retrieved for more detailed evaluation after titles and abstracts were screened
There were 10 articles involving of 81504 participants from Europe and Asia evaluating the association between famine exposure and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood
Summary
Emerging studies have explored the association between the famine exposure during early life and the risk of the metabolic syndrome, and the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the famine effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Compared with a nonexposed group, famine exposure significantly increased the risk of MetS for early life famine exposure (OR = 1:27, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38), fetal famine exposure (OR = 1:27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.43), and childhood famine exposure (OR = 1:29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44). This meta-analysis suggests that exposure to famine during early life may increase the risk of MetS in adulthood
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