Abstract
It appears that the biologically-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have potential to perform as effective elicitors for the production of valuable secondary metabolites in plants. Besides, it has been reported that the toxicity of the biologically-synthesized NP is not as much as that of the chemically-synthesized NPs. Therefore, it is necessary to test their advantages aspects. In this study, the physical synthesis of perlite NPs and biologically-synthesis of TiO2/perlite nanocomposites (NCs) were conducted. Subsequently, their effects and explant source influence on the growth characteristics and secondary metabolite profiles of Hypericum perforatum callus cultures were evaluated. According to the obtained results, morphology of the synthesized perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs were mesoporous and spherical with sizes ranging about 14.51–23.34 and 15.50–24.61 nm, respectively. Addition of perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs to the culture medium at the concentration range of 25–200 mg/L showed no adverse impacts on the growth characteristics of H. perforatum calli. According to the GC-MS analysis, the stress caused by perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs led to an increase in the variety, amount and number of volatile compounds. The calli obtained from in vitro grown plants produced more volatile compounds relative to the calli obtained from field grown plants under the nanomaterial stress conditions. The production of hypericin and pseudohypericin were also determined in the callus cultures under desired nanomaterials elicitation. Accordingly, our results suggest that perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs can possibly be considered as effective elicitors for the production of volatile compounds, hypericin, and pseudohypericin in callus cultures of H. perforatum.
Highlights
IntroductionHypericum perforatum L., known as St. John’s wort, is an important medicinal plant with diverse bioactive constituents such as naphtodianthrones, acyl-phloroglucinols, flavonoids, and xanthones, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antidepressant and wound-healing activities[1,2]
Our results suggest that perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs can possibly be considered as effective elicitors for the induction of hypericin and pseudohypericin production in callus cultures of H. perforatum
Our results indicated that employing nano-elicitors such as perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs can stimulate the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites without having adverse impacts on the growth of H. perforatum callus cultures
Summary
Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John’s wort, is an important medicinal plant with diverse bioactive constituents such as naphtodianthrones, acyl-phloroglucinols, flavonoids, and xanthones, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antidepressant and wound-healing activities[1,2]. Production of secondary metabolites by in vitro cultures of H. perforatum has been one of the most expansively investigated areas[3,4]. Application of these plant cultures is still limited because of the low yield of the desired compounds. The effects of explant source (explants obtained from the field grown plants and explants obtained from in vitro grown plants), perlite NPs and TiO2/perlite NCs on the growth and secondary metabolite modulation in H. perforatum callus cultures were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the induction of secondary metabolite production by perlite NPs and biologically-synthesized TiO2/perlite NCs in callus culture of H. perforatum
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