Abstract
The aim of presented study is to compare parameters of oxidative stress in untrained volunteers, patients with chronic, non-motor related disease (dialysis patients) and professional athletes before and after exhaustive exercise. 40 subjects participated in the study: 14 healthy, untrained subjects, 12 hemodialysis patients and 14 professional rowers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) were determined before and after exercise. Dialysis patients have increased oxidative stress at rest with highest NTBI, and show adaptation with increased values of GPx and decreased SOD. Professional athletes have low level of oxidative stress at basic circumstances with lowest NTBI, SOD, CAT and GPx as compared to untrained volunteers and dialysis patients. After strenuous exercise elevation of antioxidative enzymes is observed only in athletes, but not in untrained and dialysis patients. Due to limited antioxidative capacity, extreme physical effort is probably not recommended to dialysis patients and untrained people.
Highlights
There is a delicate equilibrium between the antioxidant defense system and free radicals in all living organisms, including humans
In healthy volunteers the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (0.86 ± 0.15 vs 0.89 ± 0.18; p = 0.52), concentrations of Se (65.07 ± 10.16 vs 72.14 ± 11.13; p = 0.09) and non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) (1.33 ± 0.93 vs 1.71 ± 1.16; p = 0.34) increased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased (19.38 ± 3.91 vs 18.67 ± 4.23; p = 0.64) after strenuous exercise, statistical significance was not reached in either case
Except from higher level of basic GPx activity (0.86 ± 0.15 vs 1.05 ± 0.23; p = 0.01) there were no marked differences in activities of other observed pertinent of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers’ vs hemodialysis patients before or after exercise
Summary
There is a delicate equilibrium between the antioxidant defense system and free radicals in all living organisms, including humans. The breaking of this balance, frequently named oxidative stress, may induce cellular damage. There are endogenous antioxidants present in organism These are the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which neutralize ROS [1, 2]. Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) serves as indicator of oxidative stress.
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