Abstract
Background: This study aimed at investigating the possible role of exercise training in activating the migration of CD34 positive progenitor cells in a rat model of induced ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of limb skeletal muscle and related regeneration potential. Material and methods: 28 adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: group I: control group; group II: IRI with 2 hours ischemia and 2 hours reperfusion, followed by immediate sacrifice (subgroup IIa) or delayed sacrifice after two weeks (subgroup IIb); group III: exercise in the form of group and gradual swimming for 4 weeks, followed by IRI and immediate sacrifice (subgroup IIIa), or delayed sacrifice (subgroup IIIb). Muscle performance was evaluated by physiological tests. Histological study was done using H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining using anti αSMA and anti CD34. Areas of regenerating fibers, area of αSMA and area percentage of CD34 were measured. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: IRI group showed severe muscle damage in IIa in the form of wavy, disrupted darkly acidophilic fibers, many dark nuclei, and extravasated blood. There was some improvement in IIb in the form of regenerating fibres with central nuclei and increased αSMA and CD34 immunostaining. Group III showed better preservation of muscle fibers in IIIa. It also showed significant increase in area of regenerating fibers and statistically significant increase in area of αSMA and CD34 and in physiological parameters in IIIb as compared to group II. Conclusion: Exercise training prior to skeletal muscle IRI markedly improved muscle outcome through preservation and regeneration. Two populations of skeletal muscle stem cells, namely progenitor cells and satellite cells were involved in the process.
Highlights
Severe injuries in skeletal muscle result in muscle weakness that delays recovery, which exposes patients to neuromuscular complications that increase hospital stay and mortality [1]
Two populations of skeletal muscle stem cells, namely progenitor cells and satellite cells were involved in the process
Experimental animal models of tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle injury were exerted and investigated how the injury was influenced by protective means, as antithrombin III administration [2] and microparticles administration in critical limb ischemia [3]
Summary
Severe injuries in skeletal muscle result in muscle weakness that delays recovery, which exposes patients to neuromuscular complications that increase hospital stay and mortality [1]. Experimental animal models of tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle injury were exerted and investigated how the injury was influenced by protective means, as antithrombin III administration [2] and microparticles administration in critical limb ischemia [3]. Exercise protocol exerted in a rat model that completed a treadmill training protocol for 12 weeks induced muscle, tendon, and bone adaptations in the rat shoulder [4]. Therapeutic effect of combined training of vo luntary an d el ectrical muscle contractions was tested in middle-aged obese women and proved a great potential in improving muscle strength [7]. This study aimed at investigating the possible role of exercise training in activating the migration of CD34 positive progenitor cells in a rat model of induced ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of limb skeletal muscle and related regeneration potential
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