Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the effect of exercise training on body temperature and clarified the relationship between body temperature and body composition in the elderly. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 91 elderly participants performed aerobic and anaerobic exercise training twice a week for 2 years. Non-contact infrared thermometer and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed at baseline and at 2 years. Results: Mean age of study participants was 81.0 years. The participants were divided into two groups by baseline body temperature of 36.3 °C; lower body temperature group (n = 67) and normal body temperature group (n = 24). Body temperature rose significantly after exercise training in the lower body temperature group (36.04 ± 0.11 °C to 36.30 ± 0.13 °C, p < 0.0001), whereas there was no significant difference in the normal body temperature group (36.35 ± 0.07 °C to 36.36 ± 0.13 °C, p = 0.39). A positive correlation was observed between the amount of change in body temperature and baseline body temperature (r = −0.68, p < 0.0001). Increase in skeletal muscle mass was an independent variable related to the rise in body temperature by the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio: 4.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–17.70, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Exercise training raised body temperature in the elderly, especially those with lower baseline body temperature.
Highlights
Body temperature is one of the major physiological parameters related to health condition, which differs by age and elderly people have a lower body temperature compared to young adults [1]
Exercise training contributes to raising body temperature, little is known about the relationship between exercise training and body temperature
Thermogenesis by meal intake is negatively affected by age because energy intake in the elderly tends to be lower than their energy expenditure, which results in a gradual decrease in metabolic rate [14]
Summary
Body temperature is one of the major physiological parameters related to health condition, which differs by age and elderly people have a lower body temperature compared to young adults [1]. The decrease in body energy expenditure, skeletal muscle mass and physical activity in the elderly attenuates to lower body temperature [2,3,4], which contributes to inactivate immune function against infection and cancer [5,6,7,8,9]. Exercise training, including aerobic and anaerobic, is effective to increase body energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mass. Exercise training contributes to raising body temperature, little is known about the relationship between exercise training and body temperature. We investigated the effect of exercise training on body temperature and clarified the relationship between body temperature and body composition in the elderly
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