Abstract
In Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion the energy separation between the ground multiplet level and the first excited multiplet level is small and therefore the exchange and crystal fields can considerably admix these levels. As a result of this admixture by exchange fields alone, the Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> magnetization in magnetically ordered compounds changes sign or shows a crossover at a temperature of about 300 K. Thus in samarium compounds with transition elements, where the transition element has a moment, the samarium moment couples parallel to transition element moment below 300 K and antiparallel above 300 K. We have investigated the effects of crystal fields (of hexagonal symmetry) on Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> magnetization and find that the crossover temperature in magnetization is considerably altered by crystal fields (and also by exchange fields in the presence of crystal fields) from the value of 300 K for free Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion. The magnetization results on SmCo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> are discussed in the light of these calculations.
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