Effect of Ethnicity on Changes in Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation in Response to Short-Term High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): A Pilot Study.

Todd A Astorino,Jamie L De Revere

doi:10.3390/ijerph18084314

Abstract

This study compared changes in substrate metabolism with high intensity interval training (HIIT) in women of different ethnicities. Twelve Caucasian (C) and ten Hispanic women (H) (age = 24 ± 5 yr) who were inactive completed nine sessions of HIIT at 85 percent peak power output (%PPO). Pre-training, changes in fat oxidation (FOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOOx) during progressive cycling were measured on two days to compute the minimum difference (MD). This test was repeated after the last training session. Between baseline tests, estimates of FOx and CHOOx were not different (p > 0.05) and were highly related (intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.72 to 0.88), although the coefficient of variation of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) was equal to 30%. Training significantly increased MFO (p = 0.03) in C (0.19 ± 0.06 g/min to 0.21 ± 0.06 g/min, d = 0.66) and H (0.16 ± 0.03 g/min to 0.19 ± 0.03 g/min, d = 1.3) that was similar (p = 0.92) between groups. There was a significant interaction for FOx (p = 0.003) as it was only increased in H versus C, although both groups exhibited reduced CHO oxidation (p = 0.002) with training. Use of MD revealed that only 3 of 22 women show meaningful increases in MFO (>0.08 g/min). The preliminary data reveals that a small dose of low-volume HIIT does not alter fat and CHO oxidation and there is little effect of ethnicity on the response to training.

Highlights

Completion of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and health status in adults [1], yet attainment of 150 min/wk of MICT or 75 min/wk of vigorous exercise is low in adults living in the United States (25%, CDC 2020)
It is plausible that the higher intensity characteristic of high intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits more rapid glycogen degradation leading to enhanced activation of peroxisome–proliferator activated receptor ¥ coactivator (PGC-1α) [6], which is viewed as the primary mediator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis [7]
No difference (p > 0.05) in VO2 max, Peak power output (PPO), or substrate metabolism was shown between groups at baseline other than height, which was significantly higher in C versus H (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Completion of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) and health status in adults [1], yet attainment of 150 min/wk of MICT or 75 min/wk of vigorous exercise is low in adults living in the United States (25%, CDC 2020). Physical Activity guidelines [1] recommend 30 min/d of MICT on most days of the week. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely investigated for its health and fitness-promoting benefits as a potential alternative to MICT. Data reveal that HIIT elicits similar [3] and in some cases superior adaptations versus MICT [4]. It is plausible that the higher intensity characteristic of HIIT elicits more rapid glycogen degradation leading to enhanced activation of peroxisome–proliferator activated receptor ¥ coactivator (PGC-1α) [6], which is viewed as the primary mediator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis [7]. Results from Little et al [8] reveal that acute bouts of HIIT increase the nuclear abundance of PGC-1α that is consequent with greater mRNA expression of various mitochondrial genes

Results

Discussion

Conclusion