Abstract
Abstract In both aqueous and ethanolwater solutions, the first precipitate from a highly supersaturated calcium phosphate solution was amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) at pH 7.4 and higher. The Ca P ratio of ACP increased with the increasing pH from 1.28 at pH 7.4 to 1.50 at pH 10.2. In aqueous solutions, ACP rapidly transformed to poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite (PCHA) at pH 7.4. In the ethanolwater solutions, this transformation was slowed down at pH 7.4, but it was accelerated with the addition of 8.9 ppm fluoride or at lower pH of 7.1. The ethanol favors the formation of ACP by the increase in the degree of supersaturation and precipitation rate, and more rapid drying of the precipitated solids. The fluoride and lower pH promote the formation of apatite by shortening the life-time of the ACP.
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