Abstract
Background: The continued use of bromate due to its oxidizing property poses health hazards since it is an established nephrotoxic agent. Objectives: This study evaluated the capacity of the ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seeds to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity of potassium bromate in Wistar rats. Methods: In stage I of this study, the main phytochemical groups in the seeds were quantified using spectrophotometric procedures. The acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the extract were studied by monitoring physical and biochemical parameters in stage II. In stage III, the reno-protective effect of the extract were determined by administering 350 and 750 mg/kg bw of the extract with 30 mg/kg bw potassium bromate orally. The reno-protective study lasted for 56 days and the effect of treatment on biomarkers was determined on days 28 and 56. Results: The phytochemical groups (i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol) were detected in the seeds. The acute and sub-chronic oral administration of the extract did not induce any significant toxic reactions across the studied concentrations. The sub-chronic administration of the extract reduced average weight gain in the treated groups. The obtained results in the reno-protective and histological studies indicated that the seed extract offers protection against the induced oxidative assault by bromate. Conclusion: In general, the co-administration of the ethanol extract of A. angustifolium seeds with bromate can reduce its nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.
Highlights
The continued use of bromate due to its oxidizing property poses health hazards since it is an established nephrotoxic agent
Aframomum angustifolium was selected for this study based on availability, cost, and conventional use as a spice in Nigerian delicacies
The aim of this study was to determine if the coadministration of the A. angustifolium seed extract offers any protection against bromate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Summary
The continued use of bromate due to its oxidizing property poses health hazards since it is an established nephrotoxic agent. Objectives: This study evaluated the capacity of the ethanol extract of Aframomum angustifolium seeds to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity of potassium bromate in Wistar rats. The acute and sub-chronic oral administration of the extract did not induce any significant toxic reactions across the studied concentrations. The obtained results in the reno-protective and histological studies indicated that the seed extract offers protection against the induced oxidative assault by bromate. Conclusion: In general, the co-administration of the ethanol extract of A. angustifolium seeds with bromate can reduce its nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that is extensively used as a maturing agent for flour and a dough conditioner [1] It is a component of permanent hair weaving solutions and can be generated during the ozonation of bromine-contaminated water [2]. It was observed that the antioxidant property of the extract is not significantly affected by heat processing [10]
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