Abstract
During the past few decades, ultrafine-grained materials (UFG) have experienced rapid development. Enhanced mechanical and surface properties, such as strength, ductility and erosion-corrosion (E-C) resistance by refining the grain to ultra-fine/nanometer size has been achieved. The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a popular severe plastic deformation (SPD) method to fabricate UFG bulk materials. In this research, the E-C behavior of commercial annealed pure copper subject to four passes of ECAP have been investigated. Hardness measurement of the copper specimen after four passes of ECAP showed an increase of 200% on the hardness value as compared with annealed condition. Simulated seawater was used as an E-C medium. The effect of different E-C parameters such as time, slurry flow velocity, impact angle, and solid particle concentration on ECAP process is studied. The results showed that ECAP enhances the E-C resistance of copper, and this behavior improves with increasing the pass number. Generally, a 30% rise in resistance to E-C was achieved after four ECAP passes as compared to coarse grain copper for the parameters studied in this work. Optical microscopy was used to examine the microstructure and material removal mechanism of the annealed copper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to validate the reduction of grain size due to ECAP process. Furthermore, examination of the surface roughness of the copper at different ECAP passes showed that for the same E-C condition the increment of ECAP passes leads to a smoother surface.
Highlights
Different severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques are applied to refine the microstructure and produce (UFG) and (NS) materials [2,3,4]
Where T is the total E-C rate, Wo is the wear rate due to mechanical erosion, Co is the rate of corrosion, S is the combined effect of both erosion and corrosion, ∆WC is the change in erosion wear rate due to corrosion, and ∆CW is the change in corrosion rate due to erosion:
By studying the E-C behaviors of copper before and after Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), it is expected that the results will offer a solution to improve the E-C resistance of wide range of face centered cubic (FCC) materials, since the ECAP process can be applied on wide range of materials
Summary
Different severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques are applied to refine the microstructure and produce (UFG) and (NS) materials [2,3,4]. It has gained much attention due to the simplicity of die design and manufacturing, as well as low cost This method has been widely applied on different materials [5,6,7]. Many researchers investigated the effect of ECAP on the mechanical properties of various metals [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. The available literature showed a lack of research on the effect of ECAP on the surface properties and E-C resistance of pure copper. Improvements of the surface roughness and the E-C resistance of commercial pure copper are intended For this purpose, four passes of ECAP were performed at room temperature to produce UFG copper samples. Beforceopcaprerrysinamg poluest. thBeefohraerdcnarersysintgesto,utthethseuhrfaarcdensesosf tceospt,ptehre ssaumrfpacleess woferceopmpeerchsaanmicpalelslywpeorleished by usminegchsainliiccoalnlycparobliisdheedpbaypeurssinogf s8i0li0cognrictarsbizidees paanpderws aosfh8e0d0 gwriitthsieztehs aannodl.wTahsheendtwheithsaemthpalneosl.were subjeTctheedn ttohedsiasmtilpleleds wwearteersuabnjdecdterdietdo dinistaiillre. d water and dried in air
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