Effect of environmental spins on Landau-Zener transitions

Abstract

Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions of a two-level system (e.g., electronic spin in molecular magnets) coupled to one or many environmental spins (e.g., nuclear spins) are studied. For rather general interactions the LZ problem is reduced to that of a Landau-Zener grid. It is shown analytically that environmental spins initially in their ground state do not influence the staying probability $P$. This changes if they are prepared in a statistical ensemble. For a more specific model with environmental spins in a transverse field, LZ transitions are studied in the case of well-separated resonances in the LZ grid. The full evolution of the system is described as a succession of elementary transitions at avoided crossings and free evolution between them. If the environmental spins are strongly coupled to the central spin, their effect on $P$ is weak. In other cases LZ transitions are strongly suppressed and $P$ is decreasing very slowly with the sweep-rate parameter $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\propto}1/v$, $v$ being the energy sweep rate.