Abstract
This study examined the effect of environmental and social cost on financial performance of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The ex post facto research design was adopted for the study with a population of seven (7) listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria as listed by the Nigerian Exchange Group in 2022. Data were retrieved from the annual reports of the selected listed pharmaceutical companies for the period 2015 to 2021. Multiple regression (Ordinary Least Square) analysis was used to analyze the data gathered with the aid of Stata12 statistical software. The study revealed a negative and insignificant effect of employees benefits on net profit margin of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Also, it revealed a positive and insignificant effect of donations and charitable gifts on net profit margin of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that listed Pharmaceutical companies introduce more employee benefits packages that will make the employees feel committed to deliver for improved productivity that will further boost net profit margin. Finally, policy makers should ensure complete adherence of environmental laws by Pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria especially those that contributes towards community development like donation and charitable gifts and which would go a long way in enhancing firm performance.
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