Abstract
Zener tunneling in Josephson junctions is balanced by the decay of charge states. As a result a sharp crossover between Bloch oscillations and a resistive regime occurs. We study the effect of an arbitrary electromagnetic environment on the crossover current I s cr and show that I s cr is qualitatively different from that accounted for quasiparticle tunneling. For not very small T and provided thermal activation is neglected we find I s cr T 1 3 and thus (counterintuitively) the parameter region where Bloch oscillations can be observed increases with temperature.
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