Abstract
Studies have shown that individuals with low satiety efficiency may be more susceptible to weight gain, but little is known about the effect of weight loss intervention outcomes in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an energy-restricted weight loss intervention on eating behavior traits and psychobehavioral factors in individuals differing in their satiety responsiveness. A pooled cohort of individuals who were overweight or obese (n = 100; aged 39 ± 9 years) participating in a 12- to 15-week weight loss program targeting an energy deficit of 500–700 kcal/day were included in this study. Satiety responsiveness was determined by a median split of the mean satiety quotient based on appetite sensations measured in response to a test meal at baseline (low satiety responsiveness (LSR) vs. high satiety responsiveness (HSR)). Anthropometric variables, eating behavior traits, psychobehavioral factors, and ad libitum energy intake were assessed before and after the intervention. Although similar weight loss was observed between the LSR and HSR groups (−3.5 ± 3.2 vs. −3.8 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.64) in response to an energy-restricted weight loss intervention, changes in eating behavior traits were different between groups. Individuals with LSR had a higher increase in cognitive restraint (+5.5 ± 4.1 vs. +3.5 ± 3.5, p = 0.02) and some of its subscales and a lower decrease in situational susceptibility to disinhibition (−0.6 ± 1.1 vs. −1.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.02) in response to the intervention compared to the HSR group. In conclusion, energy-restricted weight loss intervention seems to trigger undesirable changes in some eating behavior traits in individuals more vulnerable to overeating, which could increase their susceptibility to weight regain.
Highlights
Modern obesogenic environments have led to a marked increase in body weight over the past few decades [1], a large variability in weight gain among the population has been observed.Individual, environmental, biological, and genetic differences may explain this variability [2,3]; there may be specific factors that cause certain individuals to eat beyond their energy needs and increase their susceptibility for weight gain.Differences in appetite control have been suggested to play an important role in energy balance, eating behavior traits, and body weight [2,4,5]
Energy-restricted weight loss intervention seems to trigger undesirable changes in some eating behavior traits in individuals more vulnerable to overeating, which could increase their susceptibility to weight regain
Weight loss was observed between individuals with low and high satiety responsiveness, the energy similar weight loss was observed between individuals with low and high satiety responsiveness, the restriction was associated with less optimal changes in some, but not all, eating behavior traits in energy restriction was associated with less optimal changes in some, but not all, eating behavior traits individuals expressing LSR compared to those with HSR
Summary
Modern obesogenic environments have led to a marked increase in body weight over the past few decades [1], a large variability in weight gain among the population has been observed.Individual, environmental, biological, and genetic differences may explain this variability [2,3]; there may be specific factors that cause certain individuals to eat beyond their energy needs and increase their susceptibility for weight gain.Differences in appetite control have been suggested to play an important role in energy balance, eating behavior traits, and body weight [2,4,5]. Nutrients 2019, 11, 245 individuals reported a poor relationship between their food intake and appetite sensations (e.g., hunger and fullness), suggesting that they experience a weakened satiety efficiency [6] This weakened postprandial inhibitory response was highlighted in a group of individuals with obesity and who were characterized by impaired satiety signals in response to a test meal compared to a control group of individuals who had a normal weight or obesity [5]. This weak satiety responsiveness, identified as the “low satiety phenotype”, has been primarily observed in individuals with obesity, it has been observed in those with normal body weight [6,7] This altered satiety response in some individuals has important clinical implications given that differences in satiety signaling may be involved in overeating and susceptibility to weight gain [8]
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