Abstract
Background Dose equivalency of metoprolol and carvedilol for beta1 blockade remains subject of ongoing debate. The degree of beta-1 blockade is best assessed in vivo by blunting of the exercise induced heart rate. Accordingly, we examined baseline and peak exercise heart rate in subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF) treated with carvedilol or metoprolol. To correct for possible differences in norepinephrine (NE) release due to beta-2 blockade, we also measured NE levels at baseline and peak exercise.
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